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* CO Co-location field study *
Where is it found?
CO is found in fumes produced any time fuel burns in cars or trucks, small engines, stoves, lanterns, grills, fireplaces, gas ranges, or furnaces.
Improperly ventilated appliances and engines, particularly in a tightly sealed or enclosed space, may allow carbon monoxide to accumulate until dangerous levels.
Why is it harmful?
Carbon monoxide or CO is an odourless and colorless pollutant gas that can cause death.
When CO is inhaled into the body, it mixes with the blood, preventing oxygen absorption.
The CO exposure of a person over a certain period of time can cause illness and even death.
CO cartridge
The carbon monoxide cartridge has a built-in electrochemical sensor with very low noise electronics allowing the measurement from very low concentrations (ppb) up to several ppm.
There are two measurement ranges to cover different applications:
- Type A measuring most common concentrations range to 12,000 ppb.
- Type B, a higher range version that can measure up to 500 ppm, with reduced accuracy at low concentrations.
This cartridge is very stable over time and, in non-extreme environments, can last several months longer than specified.
Technical specifications
| Type | Electrochemical |
| Unit of measurement |
µg/m3, ppb (A) mg/m3, ppm (B) |
| Measurement range (1) |
0–12,000 ppb (A) 0–500 ppm (B) |
| Resolution (2) |
1 ppb (A) 0.01 ppm (B) |
| Operating temperature range (3) | -30 to 50 °C |
| Operating RH range (4) | 0 to 99 %RH |
| Recommended temp. & RH range (5) |
-30 to 45 °C 15 to 90 %RH |
| Operating life (6) | > 24 months |
| Guarantee range (7) | 1,000 ppm |
| Limit of Detection (LOD) (8) |
10 ppb (A) 0.02 ppm (B) |
| Repeatability (9) |
20 ppb (A) 0.05 ppm (B) |
| Response time (10) |
< 30 sec (A) < 180 sec (B) |
| Typical accuracy (12) |
± 80 ppb (A) ± 0.1 ppm (B) |
| Typical precision R2 (11) | > 0.85 |
| Typical slope (11) | 0.78–1.29 |
| Typical intercept (a) (11) |
-50 ppb ≤ a ≤ +50 ppb (A) -0.1 ppm ≤ a ≤ +0.1 ppm (B) |
| DQO - Typical U(exp) (13) | < 20% |
| Typical intra-model variability (14) |
< 3 ppb (A) < 0.05 ppm (B) |
- Measurement range: Concentration range measured by the sensor.
- Resolution: Smallest unit of measurement that can be indicated by the sensor.
- Operating temperature range: Temperature interval at which the sensor is rated to operate safely and provide measurements. In the PM sensor Type A: -40 to 50 °C with heater (more information on this version on request).
- Operating RH range: Humidity interval at which the sensor is rated to operate safely and provide measurements.
- Recommended RH range: Recommended relative humidity range for optimal sensor performance. Continuous exposure outside the recommended range may damage the cartridge.
- Operating life: Time period during which the sensor can operate effectively and accurately under normal conditions.
- Guarantee range: Concentration range covered by Kunak's guarantee.
- LOD (Limit of Detection): Measured at laboratory conditions at 20 °C and 50% RH. The limit of detection is the minimum concentration that can be detected as significantly different to zero gas concentration, calculated according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 17660.
- Repeatability: Measured at laboratory conditions at 20 °C and 50% RH. Closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement, calculated according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 17660.
- Response time: Time needed by the sensor to reach 90% of the final stable value.
- Typical precision – R2, slope and intercept: Statistics obtained between the device hourly measurements and reference instruments in field tests between -10 to +30 °C at different locations. For the type B PM sensor, the expected error for PM10 is higher in the presence of coarse particles.
- Typical accuracy: For criteria pollutants, this is the average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) obtained between the device hourly measurements and reference instruments for 1 to 8 months of field tests between -10 to +30 °C in different countries. For other pollutants, it is the expected error of the measurement at the reading.
- DQO - Typical U(exp): Data Quality Objective expressed as the Expanded Uncertainty in the Limit Value obtained between the device hourly measurements and reference instruments for 1 to 8 months of field tests between -10 to +30 °C in different countries, calculated according to the European Air Quality Directive 2024/2881 and the Technical Specification CEN/TS 17660. For the type B PM sensor, the expected error for PM10 is higher in the presence of coarse particles.
- Typical intra-model variability: Calculated as the standard deviation of the three sensor means in 1 to 8 months of field tests between -10 to +30 °C in different countries.
A, B, C, D superindex: The super indexes refer to different types of cartridges related to the same target pollutant but with different technical specifications.
